Hemangioma lobular capilar inusual en un paciente pediátrico. Reporte de caso y revisión de literatura / Unusual capillary lobular hemangioma in a pediatric patient. Case report and literature review

Lobular capillary hemangioma or pyogenic granuloma is a benign non-neoplastic lesion that is mainly presented as a tissue growth in response to irritation or trauma. It is located on the skin or on the mucous membrane, with the oral mucosa being the most frequent, with the gingiva standing out, but also appearing in other places such as the lips, buccal mucosa, palate and tongue, the latter being a very unusual location. This is a report of the case of a pediatric patient who underwent a surgical procedure of frenotomy, and who subsequently presented a lesion due to trauma possibly as a consequence of local anes-thesia, which forced an excisional biopsy, the histopathological diagnosis being capillary lobular hemangioma or pyogenic granuloma. Likewise, a literature review of this type of pathology is presented, with emphasis on its location in the tongue.

Assistência de enfermeiros a crianças em cuidados paliativos: estudo à luz da teoria de Jean Watson / Asistencia de enfermeros a niños en cuidados paliativos: un estudio a la luz de la teoría de Jean Watson / Nurses assistance to children in palliative care: a study in the light of Jean Watson's theory

Resumo Objetivo Compreender a assistência de enfermeiros a crianças com câncer em cuidados paliativos à luz da Teoria de Jean Watson. Método Estudo qualitativo, tendo como referencial a teoria de Jean Watson, realizado com dez enfermeiros assistenciais de um hospital de referência em câncer de João Pessoa, PB. A coleta do material empírico ocorreu entre outubro e dezembro de 2020, por meio da técnica de entrevista semiestruturada, posteriormente analisado sob a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados Os depoimentos dos enfermeiros trouxeram reflexões contundentes acerca dos conhecimentos no campo da enfermagem oncológica, com ênfase na assistência a crianças em cuidados paliativos, uma vez que as estratégias implementadas neste cenário são coerentes com a Teoria de Jean Watson, pautada nos elementos contidos no Processo Clinical Caritas. Conclusão e Implicações para a prática A atuação dos enfermeiros a partir de uma assistência humanizada, com o escopo na promoção de conforto e alívio da dor e nas práticas dialógicas, lúdicas e transpessoais, é imprescindível neste processo de doença. Deste modo, as estratégias identificadas poderão contribuir para a prática clínica de enfermeiros ao cuidar de crianças com câncer em cuidados paliativos, fundamentada na Teoria de Jean Watson.

Resumen Objetivo Comprender los cuidados que brindan los enfermeros a los niños con cáncer en cuidados paliativos a la luz de la Teoría de Jean Watson. Método Estudio cualitativo, basado en la Teoría de Jean Watson, realizado con diez enfermeros clínicos de un hospital de referencia en cáncer de João Pessoa, Paraíba. La recolección del material empírico se realizó entre octubre y diciembre de 2020, mediante la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada, posteriormente analizado bajo la Técnica de Análisis de Contenido. Resultados Los testimonios de los enfermeros aportaron fuertes reflexiones sobre el conocimiento en el campo de la enfermería oncológica, con énfasis en la asistencia a los niños en cuidados paliativos, ya que las estrategias implementadas en este escenario son coherentes con la Teoría de Jean Watson, a partir de los elementos contenidos en el Proceso Clinical Caritas. Conclusión e Implicaciones para la práctica El papel del enfermero a partir de la prestación de un cuidado humanizado, enfocado en la promoción del confort y del alivio del dolor y en las prácticas dialógicas, lúdicas y transpersonales, es fundamental en este proceso patológico. Así, las estrategias identificadas pueden contribuir para la práctica clínica del enfermero en el cuidado de niños con cáncer en cuidados paliativos, con base en la Teoría de Jean Watson.

Abstract Objective To understand the care provided by nurses to children with cancer in palliative care in the light of Jean Watson's Theory. Method Qualitative study, based on Jean Watson's theory, carried out with ten clinical nurses from a reference hospital for cancer in João Pessoa, PB. The collection of empirical material took place between October and December 2020, through the semi-structured interview technique, later analyzed under the Content Analysis Technique. Results The nurses' testimonies brought strong reflections on knowledge in the field of oncology nursing, with an emphasis on assistance to children in palliative care, since the strategies implemented in this scenario are consistent with Jean Watson's Theory, based on the elements contained in the Clinical Caritas Process. Conclusion and Implications for practice The role of nurses based on humanized care, with the scope of promoting comfort and pain relief, and dialogical, playful and transpersonal practices, is essential in this disease process. In this way, the identified strategies may contribute to the clinical practice of nurses, when caring for children with cancer in palliative care, based on Jean Watson's Theory.

Clinical, sonographic and anatomopathological aspects of ovarian teratoma in a heifer / Aspectos clínicos, ultrassonográficos e anatomopatológicos do teratoma ovariano em uma novilha

Teratomas rarely occur in domestic species, especially in cattle. These tumors originate in fetal life and are characterized by rapid growth, which justifies their frequent detection in young animals. This study reported a case of ovarian teratoma in a heifer. On physical examination, the main signs identified were apathy, abdominal distention and tension, empty rumen, and mushy diarrhea. During rectal palpation, a mass was identified in the pelvic region, which was suggestive of cysts on ultrasound examination. The animal underwent laparotomy, followed by euthanasia due to a poor prognosis. At necropsy, a 54 x 43 x 52 cm (length x width x thickness) tumor was observed in the right ovary with multiple cystic areas, in addition to masses associated with multiple adhesions of the intestinal loops and peritonitis. On histopathology, muscle, cartilage, bone, nervous and epithelial tissue, glands, hair with follicles, were identified in the affected ovary. There was mixed inflammation and foci of necrosis observed with a complete absence of ovarian architecture in both the ovaries. Infiltrations were identified in the lymph nodes and mesenteric vessels. Glandular ducts were seen from the serosa to the intestinal mucosa. A locally infiltrative and expansile ovarian teratoma was diagnosed accordingly. It is considered that this kind of tumor can induce abdominal distension and absence of estrus in previously healthy, non-pregnant heifers.

Os teratomas são tumores raros nas espécies domésticas, sobretudo em bovinos. Esses tumores são caracterizados por crescimento rápido e origem durante a vida fetal, o que justifica seu diagnóstico frequente em animais jovens. O presente trabalho relata um caso de teratoma ovariano em uma novilha. No exame físico, os principais sinais identificados foram apatia, distensão e tensão abdominal, rúmen vazio e diarreia pastosa. Durante a palpação retal, uma massa foi identificada na região pélvica. Ao exame ultrassonográfico, a massa era sugestiva de cistos. O animal foi submetido a laparotomia, seguido de eutanásia devido ao mau prognóstico. Na necropsia foi observado um tumor de 54 x 43 x 52 cm (comprimento x largura x espessura) no ovário direito com múltiplas áreas císticas, além de massas associadas à múltiplas aderências das alças intestinais e peritonite. Na histopatologia foram identificados no ovário acometido a presença de tecidos muscular, cartilaginoso, ósseo, nervoso e epitelial, com glândulas, pelos e folículos. Havia inflamação mista e focos de necrose com ausência completa de arquitetura ovariana em ambos os ovários. Infiltrações foram identificadas em linfonodos e vasos mesentéricos. Ductos glandulares foram vistos desde a serosa até mucosa intestinal. Diagnosticou-se um teratoma ovariano localmente infiltrativo e expansivo. Considera-se que este tumor pode induzir distensão abdominal e ausência de estro em novilhas previamente sadias e não gestantes.

Doença Periodontal e Câncer: Qual a Relação? / Periodontal Disease and Cancer: What is the Relationship?

A Doença Periodontal (DP), caracterizada por uma inflamação crônica associada a um quadro de disbiose, foi relacionada a diversas patologias no organismo humano. Estudos recentes revelam uma forte associação entre a DP e o câncer. O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão narrativa de literatura sobre a relação entre ambas as doenças. Uma pesquisa foi executada nos bancos de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed e Wiley Online Library, com os descritores em saúde (DECs): "Doença Periodontal" e "Carcinogêne- se" e "Neoplasma", e seus correspondentes em inglês, "Periodontal Disease" and "Carcinogenesis" and "Neoplasm". Os critérios de in- clusão foram artigos completos publicados em inglês, português e/ ou espanhol de 2010 a 2020, resultando em 22 artigos. Verificou-se que, embora o processo inflamatório decorrente da DP ocorra de forma local na cavidade oral, as células inflamatórias e seus produtos, os periodontopatógenos - responsáveis por essa inflamação em conjunto com a resposta imune do hospedeiro - e os componentes bacterianos podem agir no organismo em geral. As consequências são possíveis alterações no ciclo celular, na proliferação celular, na apoptose, nas respostas imunes e inflamatórias. Ademais, os patógenos periodontais são capazes de interagir diretamente com células do organismo e assim, estimular a carcinogênese, progressão tumoral e/ou metástases. Esses fatos estudados em conjunto com a epigenética têm relevado uma associação positiva entre diversos cânceres e a DP. Concluiu-se que, apesar de alguns mecanismos envolvidos na associação permanecerem incertos, os estudos epidemiológicos têm acrescentado um novo panorama para a correlação.

Periodontal disease (PD), characterized by chronic inflammation associated with dysbiosis, has been linked to several pathologies in the human body. Recent studies reveal a strong association between PD and cancer. The objective of this article was to carry out a narrative review of the literature on the relationship between both diseases. A search was performed in the Virtual Health Library (BVS), PubMed and Wiley Online Library databases, with the health descriptors (DECs) in Portuguese: "Doença Periodontal" and "Carcinogênese" and "Neoplasma", and their correspondents in English, "Periodontal Disease" and "Carcinogenesis" and "Neoplasm". The inclusion criteria were complete articles published in English, Portuguese and/ or Spanish from 2010 to 2020, resulting in 22 articles. It was found that, although the inflammatory process resulting from PD occurs locally in the oral cavity, the inflammatory cells and their products, the periodontopathogens -- responsible for this inflammation together with the host's immune response -- and the bacterial components can act on the organism in general. Consequences are possible changes in the cell cycle, cell proliferation, apoptosis, immune and inflammatory responses. In addition, periodontal pathogens are able to interact directly with cells in the body and thus stimulate carcinogenesis, tumor progression and/or metastasis. These facts studied in conjunction with epigenetics have revealed a positive association between several cancers and PD. It was concluded that, although some mechanisms involved in the association remain uncertain, epidemiological studies have added a new panorama for the correlation

Seminoma metastásico de primario gonadal / Metastatic seminoma of primary gonadal

El seminoma es la neoplasia testicular más frecuente alcanzando hasta el 50% de todos los casos de cancer del testículo. Dependiendo de su naturaleza, seminomatoso o no seminomatoso, las conductas de manejo y tratamiento médico quirúrgicas varían según los centros, los protocolos de manejo y la experiencia de los equipos de atención. Objetivos. Promover la discusión de adyuvancia o neoadyuvancia en caso de seminoma clásico. Paciente y Método. Presentar un caso de seminoma clásico tratado quirúrgicamente con orquidectomía y una década después se presenta con extensión metastásica mediastinal y retroperitoneal. Conclusiones. Para la etiología no seminomatosa, se establece la orquidectomía seguida de vigilancia; mientras que en caso de origen seminomatoso la discusión se basa en el momento del rol de la cirugía, radiación y quimioterapia, por lo tanto, se debe individualizar cada paciente según las características clínicas manifestadas. (AU)

Seminoma is the most common testicular neoplasm, reaching up to 50% of all cases of testicular cancer. Depending on its nature, seminomatous or non-seminomatous, the management behaviors and surgical medical treatment vary according to the centers, the management protocols and the experience of the care teams. Objective. Promote the discussion of adjuvant or neoadjuvant in case of classic seminoma. Patient and Method. To present a case of classic seminoma treated surgically with orchidectomy and a decade later it presents with mediastinal and retroperitoneal metastatic extension. Conclusions. For non-seminomatous etiology, orchidectomy followed by surveillance is established; while in the case of seminomatous origin, the discussion is based on the time of the role of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, therefore, each patient must be individualized according to the clinical characteristics manifested. (AU)

Analysis of the efficacy of precision hepatectomy in the treatment of single hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion and the risk factors of positive incisal margin after operation / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To explore the efficacy of precision hepatectomy in the treatment of single hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion (MVI) of and the risk factors of positive incisal margin after operation.Methods:The clinical data of 212 patients with single hepatocellular carcinoma with MVI treated in Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University from July 2016 to July 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. 152 patients were treated with precision hepatectomy and 60 patients with traditional hepatectomy. According to the pathological results of postoperative liver resection, the patients treated with precision hepatectomy were divided into two groups: negative group ( n=129) and positive group ( n=23). The operation-related indexes, postoperative complications and disease-free survival rate of precision hepatectomy and traditional hepatectomy were compared, and the general data of patients with negative and positive liver cutting edge were compared. multivariate analysis of the factors affecting the positive liver cutting edge after operation; to construct a line chart prediction model to predict the positive liver cutting edge after operation, and to evaluate its predictive efficiency. Normally distributed measurement data are represented by mean±standard deviation ( Mean± SD), independent t-test is used for comparison between groups; count data are represented by the number of cases and percentages, and χ2 test is used for comparison between groups. Results:The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, positive rate of surgical margin, total incidence of postoperative complications, AFP negative conversion rate 6 months after operation, and 1-year disease-free survival rate of precision hepatectomy were (328.62±38.74) min, (496.83±59.76) mL, (15.28±3.61) d, 15.13% (23/152), 3.95% (6/152), 81.58% (124/152), 67.11% (102/152), respectively. The mean values of traditional hepatectomy were (315.29±40.95) min, (681.46±58.27) mL, (23.87±4.65) d, 28.33% (17/60), 21.67% (13/60), 66.67% (40/60) and 46.67% (28/60), respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that the positive liver resection margin after precision liver resection was related to the maximum diameter of the tumor, vascular tumor thrombus, TNM staging, BCLC staging, liver cirrhosis, AFP 2 months after surgery, and the distance between the tumor and the resection margin ( OR=3.645, 5.248, 4.285, 4.462, 3.883, 3.964, 3.872; 95% CI: 2.875-4.415, 4.426-6.070, 3.271-5.299, 3.354-5.570, 3.062-4.704, 3.248-4.680, 2.987-4.757; P<0.05). Maximum tumor diameter >5 cm, vascular tumor thrombus, TNM stage Ⅲ, BCLC stage C, liver cirrhosis, postoperative AFP ≥20 μg Uniql, the distance between the tumor and the resection margin was <1 mm were the risk factors of positive incisal margin after precision hepatectomy in patients with single liver cancer with MVI( OR=6.685, 8.425, 7.758, 7.854, 7.124, 7.246, 6.926; 95% CI: 5.828-7.542, 7.6385-9.212, 6.926-8.590, 7.062-8.646, 6.583-7.665, 6.618-7.874, 6.028-7.824; P<0.05). The constructed line chart prediction model had better differentiation and higher accuracy. Conclusions:Precision hepatectomy in the treatment of single hepatocellular carcinoma with MVI has the advantages of less intraoperative bleeding, faster postoperative recovery, less postoperative complications, low positive rate of liver incisal margin and high disease-free survival rate. The construction of a risk prediction model with positive surgical margin provides a reference for improving the survival rate of patients in clinic.

Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer: Evidence from observational studies

ABSTRACT This study proposes to update knowledge about the relationship between microbiota and Colorectal Cancer (CRC). This is a review carried out using the methodology of the Preferred Report Item for Systematic Analysis and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and search for original articles, indexed in the Pubmed, Cochrane and Science Direct databases, published between 2011 and 2019, in English. Ten articles showed changes in bacterial composition and its influence on the development and progression of CRC, and only two addressed changes in the composition of fungi and their relationship with CRC. Most studies have shown that the increase in Fusobacterium nucleatum and bacteroides fragilis is strongly associated with the occurrence of CRC due to inflammatory mechanisms; and that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a protective factor through the production of butyrate. Additional research is recommended to assess the relationship of microorganisms with the development of CRC, with an emphasis on fungi.

RESUMEN Este estudio propone actualizar el conocimiento sobre la relación entre la microbiota y el Cancer Colorectal (CCR). Esta es una revisión realizada utilizando la metodología del Elemento de Informe Preferido para el Análisis Sistemático y el Meta-análises (PRISMA) y la búsqueda de artículos originales, indexados en las bases de datos Pubmed, Cochrane y Science Direct, publicados entre 2011 y 2019, en inglés. Diez artículos mostraron cambios en la composición bacteriana y su influencia en el desarrollo y la progresión del CCR, y solo dos abordaron los cambios en la composición de los hongos y su relación con el CCR. La mayoría de los estudios han demostrado que el aumento de Fusobacterium nucleatum y bacteroides fragilis está fuertemente asociado con la aparición de CCR debido a mecanismos inflamatorios; y que Faecalibacterium prausnitzii es un factor protector a través de la producción de butirato. Se recomienda investigación adicional para evaluar la relación de los microorganismos con el desarrollo de CCR, con énfasis en los hongos.

Adenocarcinoma pulmonar associado à infecção por Mycobacterium sp. em vaca - relato de caso / [Pulmonary adenocarcinoma associated with infection by Mycobacterium sp. in a cow - case report]

Descrevem-se os aspectos clínicos, anatomopatológicos, imuno-histoquímicos, microbiológicos e moleculares de um caso de adenocarcinoma pulmonar associado à infecção por Mycobacterium sp. em uma vaca. O animal apresentou hiporexia, emagrecimento, vocalizações, postura ortopneica, ingurgitamento da jugular, estase venosa positiva, gemido expiratório e morte. Na necropsia, os pulmões estavam aumentados e apresentavam, na superfície pleural, nódulos branco-amarelados, firmes, multifocais a coalescentes, interpostos por áreas avermelhadas. Ao corte, os nódulos aprofundavam-se ao parênquima e possuíam múltiplos focos de aspecto caseoso e friável e áreas de mineralização. O saco pericárdico e os linfonodos traqueobrônquicos, ilíacos, lombares aórticos e mamários apresentavam lesões semelhantes. Histologicamente, observou-se neoformação carcinomatosa associada a áreas multifocais de necrose e mineralização. As células neoplásicas foram fortemente imunomarcadas pelo anticorpo antipancitoqueratina AE1/AE3. Na cultura microbiológica de fragmentos dos pulmões, houve crescimento de colônias bacterianas compatíveis com micobactérias atípicas. O sequenciamento molecular submetido ao BLASTn identificou o Mycobacterium sp. WCM 7299 (ID: gb|KJ873243.1|).(AU)

The clinical, anatomopathological, immunohistochemical, microbiological and molecular aspects of a case of pulmonary adenocarcinoma associated with infection by Mycobacterium sp. in a cow are described. The animal presented hyporexia, weight loss, vocalizations, orthopneic posture, jugular engorgement, positive venous stasis, expiratory groaning and death. At necropsy, the lungs were enlarged and presented firm, multifocal to coalescent yellowish nodules, interposed by reddish areas on the pleural surface. At cut, the nodules deepened to the parenchyma and had multiple foci of caseous and friable appearance and areas of mineralization. The pericardial sac and tracheobronchial, iliac, aortic lumbar and mammary lymph nodes showed similar lesions. Histologically, a carcinomatous neoformation, associated with multifocal areas of necrosis and mineralization, was observed. Neoplastic cells were strongly immunolabelled by anti-PanCytokeratin antibody AE1/AE3. Microbiological culture of lung fragments showed growth of bacterial colonies compatible with atypical mycobacteria. Molecular sequencing submitted to BLASTn identified the Mycobacterium sp. WCM 7299 (ID: gb|KJ873243.1|).(AU)

Sinonasal neoplasms in 49 dogs: clinical, macroscopic, and histopathological aspects / Neoplasmas nasossinusais em 49 cães: aspectos clínicos, macroscópicos e histopatológicos

This study aimed to quantify nasosinusal neoplasms diagnosed in dogs in 20 years (2000-2019) and characterize the main clinical, macroscopic, and histological aspects of these neoplasms. The sex, breed, age, skull conformation, the main clinical signs, and the anatomopathological characteristics (distribution, macroscopy, and histology) were computed. During this period, 49 dogs were affected by neoplasms in these regions, totaling 50 neoplasms (one dog had two neoplasms of different locations and histogenetic origins). Similar amounts of mixed-breed dogs (25/49) and purebred dogs (24/49) were affected, these distributed in 16 breeds. Among purebreds, it was noted that dogs with mesocephalic cranial conformation (12/24) were the most affected, followed by dolichocephalic (10/24) and brachycephalic (2/24). There were 22 cases in males and 27 in females, making a proportion of 1:1.23. There was an age variation from 11 months to 16 years old. The epithelial neoplasms have occurred in older dogs compared to those of other histogenic origins (mesenchymal and other origins/round cells). The main clinical signs were similar between the histogenetic categories, related to the involvement of the upper respiratory tract, sometimes accompanied by nervous signs (when there was brain invasion of nasal neoplasms or vice versa). The possible origin site was mostly in the nasal cavity concerning the paranasal sinuses (and other locations). Invasions occurred in different tissues adjacent to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, resulting in cranial and facial deformities (21/49). The frequency was 48% of epithelial neoplasms, 32% of mesenchymal neoplasms, and 10% of neoplasms with other origins and round cells. The neoplasms most frequently observed, in decreasing order of frequency, were: adenocarcinoma (9/50), squamous cell carcinoma (9/50), transmissible venereal tumor (5/50), osteosarcoma (5/50), chondrosarcoma (4/50), and undifferentiated sarcoma (4/50). Through this study, it was possible to establish the frequency of these neoplasms in 20 years and their clinical, macroscopic, and histological characteristics.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo quantificar os neoplasmas nasossinusais diagnosticados em cães em 20 anos (2000-2019) e caracterizar os principais aspectos clínicos, macroscópicos e histológicos desses neoplasmas. Foram computados sexo, raça, idade, conformação do crânio, principais sinais clínicos e características anatomopatológicas (distribuição, macroscopia e histologia). Nesse período, 49 cães foram acometidos por neoplasmas nessas regiões, totalizando 50 neoplasmas (um cão tinha dois neoplasmas de localização e origens histogenéticas distintas). Foram acometidas quantidades semelhantes de cães sem raça definida (25/49) e de cães com raça definida (24/49), estes distribuídos em 16 raças. Entre os cães com raça definida, notou-se que os cães com conformação craniana mesocefálica (12/24) foram os mais acometidos, seguidos pelos dolicocefálicos (10/24) e braquicefálicos (2/24). Foram observados 22 casos em machos e 27 em fêmeas, perfazendo a relação de 1:1,23. Ocorreu uma variação de idade de 11 meses a 16 anos; tendo os neoplasmas epiteliais ocorrido em cães mais velhos quando comparado aos de outras origens histogênicas (mesenquimais e outras origens/células redondas). Os principais sinais clínicos foram semelhantes entre as categorias histogenéticas, sendo relacionados ao comprometimento do trato respiratório superior, por vezes acompanhados de sinais nervosos (quando houve invasão encefálica de neoplasmas nasais ou vice-versa). O possível local de origem em sua maioria foi na cavidade nasal em relação aos seios nasais (e de outras localizações). Ocorreram invasões para diferentes tecidos adjacentes à cavidade nasal e seios paranasais, tendo como consequência deformidades cranianas e faciais (21/49). A frequência foi de 48% de neoplasmas epiteliais, 32% de neoplasmas mesenquimais e 10% de neoplasmas com outras origens e de células redondas. Os neoplasmas mais frequentemente observados, em ordem decrescente de frequência, foram: adenocarcinoma (9/50), carcinoma de células escamosas (9/50), tumor venéreo transmissível (5/50), osteossarcoma (5/50), condrossarcoma (4/50) e sarcoma indiferenciado (4/50). Com isso, pode-se estabelecer a frequência desses neoplasmas em 20 anos, bem como suas características clínicas, macroscópicas e histológicas.(AU)

Extranodal lymphoma in a bush dog (Speothos venaticus) - case report / Linfoma extranodal em um cachorro-do-mato-vinagre (Speothos venaticus) - relato de caso

A captive 7-year-old male bush dog (Speothos venaticus) was diagnosed with lymphoma affecting the kidneys, adrenal glands, liver, and spleen. The animal developed renal failure and was euthanized due to poor prognosis. Grossly, both kidneys were enlarged with multiple nodules. Histologically, the neoplasm was an infiltrative and poorly demarcated round cell tumor. Two morphologically distinct cell populations were observed, smaller cells with a lymphocytic morphology, and another population of larger and pleomorphic cells. Most of the smaller cell population, approximately 40% of the population within the neoplasm, were CD3 positive. Neoplastic cells were CD45, CD11d, and granzime B positive, and negative for CD20, CD79a, PAX5, CD163, and myeloperoxidase. This is the first reported case of lymphoma in a bush dog. This report demonstrated the suitability of several cell surface markers for differential diagnosis of round cell tumors in this species.(AU)

Um cachorro-do-mato-vinagre (Speothos venaticus), de sete anos de idade, mantido em cativeiro, foi diagnosticado com linfoma que havia afetado os rins, as adrenais, o fígado e o baço. O animal desenvolveu insuficiência renal e foi submetido à eutanásia devido ao prognóstico desfavorável. Macroscopicamente, ambos os rins estavam aumentados de tamanho, com múltiplos nódulos. Histologicamente, a neoplasia era infiltrativa, pobremente delimitada e constituída por células redondas. Duas populações distintas foram observadas: células pequenas com morfologia linfocítica e células grandes e pleomórficas. A maior parte da população de células pequenas, correspondendo a aproximadamente 40% da população celular na neoplasia, foi positiva para CD3. As células neoplásicas foram positivas para CD45, CD11d e granzima B e negativas para CD20, CD79a, PAX5, CD163 e mieloperoxidase. Este é o primeiro caso de linfoma em um cachorro-do-mato-vinagre. Tal relado demonstra a utilidade de vários marcadores de superfície celular para o diagnóstico diferencial de tumores de células redondas nessa espécie.(AU)

Experiencias de padres de hijos con diagnóstico de cáncer en un Hospital infantil de Villahermosa Tabasco / Parents' experiences of children diagnosed with cancer in a Children's Hospital of Villahermosa Tabasco / Experiências de pais de crianças diagnosticadas com câncer em um Hospital Infantil de Villahermosa Tabasco / Expériences de parents d'enfants ayant reçu un diagnostic de cancer dans un hôpital pédiatrique á Villahermosa, Tabasco

Resumen Objetivo Explorar y comprender las experiencias de las familias que viven con un niño con cáncer. Material y Método Estudio cualitativo con muestreo intencional, se entrevistó a 12 padres (madre o padre) de un niño con cáncer. Los datos fueron analizados siguiendo el proceso hermenéutico Resultados La experiencia de los padres atraviesa primero, por el proceso de diagnóstico, que a veces requiere la valoración de más de un profesional de la salud (Médico general, Pediatra, Oncólogo pediatra), para finalmente determinar cuál es el problema de salud y cuáles son las alternativas de tratamiento. Este proceso genera mucha angustia y sentimientos de culpa e impotencia; segundo: el proceso del tratamiento, enfrentar los efectos secundarios de la medicación y la incertidumbre de saber si con ello se recuperará la salud de los niños/ as; tercero: el afrontamiento familiar, que en algunos casos une y en otros separa a los integrantes de la familia y por último la relación con el personal de salud (Médicos, Enfermeras, Psicólogos y Trabajadoras sociales), que al decir de las informantes siempre estuvieron para apoyarlos. Conclusiones Los/las informantes, experimentan angustia, dolor, culpa e impotencia ante el diagnóstico de cáncer en sus hijos, los profesionales de la salud, están conminados a tener en cuenta estos sentimientos a fin de mejorar la relación médico-paciente

Abstract Objective To explore and understand families' experiences living with a child with cancer. Materials and method Qualitative study with purposive sampling, 12 parents (mother or father) of a child with cancer were interviewed. Data were analyzed following the hermeneutical process. Results Parents' experience goes through the diagnostic process first, which sometimes requires the assessment of more than one health professional (general practitioner, pediatrician, or pediatric oncologist), to finally determine what the health problem is and what are the alternatives for its treatment. This process produces a lot of anxiety and feelings of guilt and helplessness; second, the treatment process, face the side effects of medication and the uncertainty of whether with this children recover health; third, family coping, which in some cases unites and in others separates family members and lastly the relationship with health staff (physicians, nurses, psychologists and social workers), who according to the informants were always there to support them Conclusions Participants experience anguish, pain, guilt and helplessness when diagnosing cancer in their children, health professionals are bound to take these feelings into account in order to improve the doctor-patient relationship.

Sumário Objetivo Explorar e entender as experiências de famílias que vivem com uma criança com câncer. Material e Método Estudo qualitativo com amostragem intencional. Foram entrevistados 12 pais (mãe ou pai) de uma criança com câncer. Os dados foram analisados seguindo o processo hermenêutico. Resultados A experiência dos pais passa primeiro pelo processo de diagnóstico, que ás vezes exige a avaliação de mais de um profissional de saúde (clínico geral, pediatra, oncologista pediátrico), para finalmente determinar qual é o problema de saúde e Quais são as alternativas de tratamento. Esse processo gera muita angústia e sentimentos de culpa e desamparo; segundo: o processo de tratamento, para enfrentar os efeitos colaterais da medicado e a incerteza de saber se isso recuperará a saúde das crianças; terceiro: o enfrentamento familiar, que em alguns casos une e, em outros, separa os familiares e, por fim, o relacionamento com o pessoal de saúde (médicos, enfermeiros, psicólogos e assistentes sociais), que ao dizer informantes sempre para apoiá-los. Conclusões Os informantes experimentam angústia, dor, culpa e impotência diante do diagnóstico de câncer em seus filhos, profissionais de saúde, são obrigados a levar em considerado esses sentimentos, a fim de melhorar a relado médico-paciente.

Résumé Objectif Explorer et comprendre les expériences des familles qui vivent avec un enfant atteint de cancer. Matériel et méthode Étude qualitative avec échantillonnage délibéré. Des entretiens ont été réalisés avec douze parents (mère ou père) d'un enfant atteint de cancer. Les données ont été analysées selon le processus herméneutique. Résultats L'expérience des parents passe premièrement par le processus de diagnostic qui nécessite parfois l'évaluation de plusieurs professionnels de la santé (médecin généraliste, pédiatre, oncologue pédiatrique) pour déterminer quel est le problème de santé et quelles sont les alternatives de traitement; ce processus génère beaucoup d'angoisse et de sentiments de culpabilité et d'impuissance. Deuxièmement, ils affrontent le processus de traitement avec ses effets secondaires et l'incertitude quant á savoir si l'enfant recouvrira la santé. Troisièmement, vient l'adaptation de la famille qui dans certains cas unit et dans d'autres sépare les membres de la famille. Un autre élément important est la relation avec le personnel de santé (médecins, infirmières, psychologues et travailleurs sociaux) qui, selon les informateurs, est toujours là pour les soutenir. Conclusions Les informateurs ressentent de l'angoisse, de la douleur, de la culpabilité et de l'impuissance face au diagnostic de cancer chez leurs enfants. Les professionnels de santé sont encouragés á prendre en compte ces sentiments afin d'améliorer la relation médecin- patient.

Implementation of the population-based cancer registry in the city of Mérida, Mexico: process and early results / Implementación del registro de cáncer de base poblacional de la ciudad de Mérida en México: procesos y resultados preliminares

Abstract: Objective: To briefly describe the process of establishment and preliminary results of the Mérida Population-based Cancer Registry (Mérida-PBCR) Materials and methods: Mérida-PBCR started in 2016 as a research project in the IMSS, with a gradual increase in its information sources. It covers a population of 908 536 inhabitants. Data collection is active and passive, international standards are used; CanReg5 software enables data entry, storage and analysis. Results: Current data include 71.5% of sources. For the period 2015-2016, a total of 2 623 new cancer cases were registered, the majority of these (60.1%) among females. 81.5% of the cases had morphological verification. Prostate (17.4%), colorectal (8.5%) and stomach (8.1%) cancers were the most common among males, and breast (31.6%), cervix (12%) and corpus uteri (7.6%) cancers, the most common among females. Age-adjusted cancer incidence rates (per 100 000) for all sites combined were 114.9 among males and 145.1 among females. Conclusion: The implementation of the Mérida-PBCR has followed particular parameters, with important efforts to include new information sources. Although the data are still preliminary and must be interpreted with great caution, the main cancers follow a similar pattern to that of the national and regional estimates.

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir brevemente el proceso de implementación y resultados preliminares del Registro de Cáncer de Base Poblacional (RCBP) de Mérida. Material y métodos: RCBP-Mérida inició en 2016 como un proyecto de investigación del IMSS, con cobertura poblacional de 908 536 habitantes. El número de fuentes de información ha incrementado gradualmente. Se realizó colección de datos de forma pasiva y activa en software CanReg5 utilizando estándares internacionales. Resultados: Se han incluido al RCBP-Mérida 71.5% de las fuentes de información. Durante 2015-2016 se registraron 2 623 casos nuevos, la mayoría (60.1%) mujeres. El 81.5% de los casos tuvo verificación morfológica. En hombres, el cáncer de próstata (17.4%), colorrectal (8.5%) y estómago (8.1%) son los más comunes; en mujeres, mama (31.6%), cérvix (12.0%) y cuerpo-uterino (7.6%). Las tasas de incidencia ajustadas por edad (100 000 habitantes) para todos los sitios combinados son 114.9 hombres y 145.1 mujeres. Conclusión: La implementación del RCBP-Mérida ha seguido parámetros particulares, con importante esfuerzo para incluir fuentes de información. Aunque los datos son preliminares y se deben interpretar con precaución; los principales tipos de cáncer siguen un patrón similar a las estimaciones nacionales y regionales

Primary nonlymphoid gastrointestinal neoplasms in dogs in Rio Grande do Sul / Neoplasmas gastrointestinais primários não linfoides em cães no Rio Grande do Sul

Gastrointestinal neoplasms (GIN) are uncommon in dogs, but they mainly show malignant behavior and poor prognosis. The types of GIN in dogs and their frequency, as well as their epidemiological and histopathological characteristics were analyzed through a retrospective study of biopsies from 24.711 dogs from 2005 to 2017. Additionally, histological sections of neoplasms were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) using antibodies against pancytokeratin, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, c-Kit, S-100, CD31, CD79αcy, and neuron-specific enolase. Of the total samples from dogs analyzed, 88 corresponded to GIN. Neoplasms occurred more frequently in purebred dogs (64.8%, 57/88), males (53.4%, 47/88), with a median age of 10 years. The intestine was affected by 84.1% (74/88) of the cases. Of these, the large intestine was the most affected (67.6%, 50/74). Most of the neoplasms had malignant behavior (88.6%, 78/88). Regarding the classification of neoplasms, 46.6% (41/88) of the diagnoses corresponded to epithelial, 46.6% (41/88) were mesenchymal, 5.7% (5/88) were hematopoietic, and 1.1% (1/88) was neuroendocrine. The most frequently diagnosed neoplasms were papillary adenocarcinoma (19.3%, 17/88), leiomyosarcoma (17.0%, 15/88), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) (12.5%, 11/88), and leiomyoma (5.0%, 8/88). Adenocarcinomas were located mainly in the rectum, whereas leiomyosarcomas and GISTs developed mainly in the cecum. Epithelial neoplasms showed a greater potential for lymphatic invasion whereas mesenchymal neoplasms appeared to be more expansive with intratumoral necrosis and hemorrhage. Immunohistochemistry was found to be an important diagnostic technique for the identification of infiltrating cells in carcinomas and an indispensable technique for the definitive diagnosis of sarcomas.(AU)

Neoplasmas gastrointestinais (NGI) são pouco comuns em cães, mas possuem principalmente comportamento maligno e prognóstico reservado. Os tipos de NGI em cães e sua frequência, bem como características epidemiológicas e histopatológicas foram analisados por meio de um estudo retrospectivo dos exames de biópsias de 24.711 cães entre os anos de 2005 a 2017. Adicionalmente, cortes histológicos de NGI foram submetidos à técnica de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ), utilizando os anticorpos anti-pancitoqueratina, vimentina, actina de músculo liso, c-Kit, S-100, CD31, CD79αcy e enolase neurônio específica. Do total de cães analisados, 88 corresponderam a NGI não linfoides. Os neoplasmas ocorreram com maior frequência em cães de raça pura (64,8%, 57/88), machos (53,4%, 47/88), com mediana de idade de 10 anos. O intestino foi acometido em 84,1% dos casos (74/88). Destes, o intestino grosso foi o segmento mais afetado (67,6%, 50/74). A maior parte dos neoplasmas tinha comportamento maligno (88,6%, 78/88). Quanto à classificação, 46,6% (41/88) dos diagnósticos corresponderam a neoplasmas epiteliais, 46,6% (41/88) mesenquimais, 5,7% (5/88) hematopoiéticos e 1,1% (1/88), neuroendócrino. Os neoplasmas mais frequentemente diagnosticados foram adenocarcinoma papilar (19,3%, 17/88), leiomiossarcoma (17,0%, 15/88), tumor estromal gastrointestinal (GIST) (12,5%, 11/88) e leiomioma (12,5%, 8/88). Adenocarcinomas localizavam-se principalmente no reto, enquanto leiomiossarcoma e GISTs desenvolveram-se principalmente no ceco. Os neoplasmas epiteliais demonstraram um potencial maior de invasão linfática enquanto que os mesenquimais aparentaram ser mais expansivos, com necrose e hemorragia intratumorais. A imuno-histoquímica mostrou ser uma técnica diagnóstica importante para a identificação de células neoplásicas infiltravas no caso dos carcinomas e uma técnica indispensável para o diagnóstico definitivo de sarcomas.(AU)

Carcinoid of the gallbladder in two dogs / Carcinoide de vesícula biliar em dois cães

ABSTRACT: A carcinoid is a rare neoplasm derived from neuroendocrine cells that may arise in the hepatobiliary system. This report described two cases of carcinoid of the gallbladder in dogs, with emphasis on the clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical aspects. Case 1 was a 10-year-old female Shih Tzu, with a history of prostration and occasional episodes of diarrhea and vomiting. Case 2 was a 10-year-old male Cocker Spaniel, with a history of diarrhea and abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasonography suggested a neoplasm of the gallbladder in both cases. The dogs underwent cholecystectomy, and 10% formalin-fixed samples were sent for pathological examination. Histologically, a neoplastic proliferation of neuroendocrine cells was observed in the gallbladder submucosa of both cases. Immunohistochemical labeling for neuroendocrine antibodies, such as synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase and chromogranin A, confirmed the diagnoses. Carcinoid of the gallbladder is a rare neoplasm in dogs, without specific clinical signs, but should be included in the differential diagnosis of lesions that affect this organ.

RESUMO: Carcinoide é um neoplasma raro derivado de células neuroendócrinas, que pode surgir no sistema hepatobiliar. Este relato descreve dois casos de carcinoide da vesícula biliar em cães, com ênfase nos aspectos clínicos, patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos. O caso 1 era uma fêmea, Shih Tzu de 10 anos de idade, com histórico de letargia e ocasionais episódios de diarreia e vômito. O caso 2 era um macho, Cocker Spaniel de 10 anos, que apresentava diarreia e dor abdominal. Através da ultrassonografia abdominal foi sugerida neoplasia na vesícula biliar em ambos os casos. Os caninos foram submetidos à colecistectomia e amostras em formol a 10%, seguidamente, foram enviadas para o laboratório de patologia. Histologicamente, observou-se proliferação neoplásica de células neuroendócrinas na submucosa da vesícula biliar nos dois casos. A marcação imuno-histoquímica para os anticorpos neuroendócrinos, como sinaptofisina, enolase específica de neurônios e cromogranina A confirmou o diagnóstico. Carcinoide de vesícula biliar é uma neoplasia rara em cães, sem sinais clínicos específicos, mas deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial das lesões que afetam esse órgão.

Histopathological analysis of the correlation between uveal melanomas and retinal tissue / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To analyze the impacts of the shape of uveal melanoma on retinal structure.<p>METHODS: Histopathological sections and clinical data from patients with uveal melanoma were retrospectively observed and analyzed, and key indicators including the tumor's shape, size, height-to-base ratio, retinal thinning and retinal invasion were analyzed.<p>RESULTS: The study included 102 patients(102 eyes)with a mean age of 45.6±12.4 years, with 76(75%)uveal melanomas showing the spindle cell type, 6(6%)showing the epitheloid cell type, 16(16%)showing the mixed cell type and 4(4%)showing predominantly other cell types. Differentiated by tumor locations: 3 cases of ciliary body melanoma(2.9%), 28 cases of ciliary body and choroid melanoma(27.5%), 71 cases of choroid melanoma(69.6%). Retinal thinning was detected in 43(43%)eyes and retinal invasion by the tumor cells in 86(84%)eyes. Maximal tumor height ranged between 1.2 and 15.6(mean: 8.3±3.6)mm, and mean maximal tumor base diameter was 17.3±6.5(range: 4.8-31.2)mm. Mean <i>R</i>-value as ratio of tumor peak height to maximal tumor base diameter was 0.53±0.32. Mean <i>R</i>-value was significantly higher in the group with retinal thinning(<i>n</i>=43)than in the group without retinal thinning(<i>n</i>=59)(0.69±0.31 <i>vs</i> 0.42±0.27; <i>P</i><0.01). <i>R</i>-value was slightly, however statistically not significantly higher in the group with retinal tumor invasion(<i>n</i>=86)than without retinal tumor invasion(<i>n</i>=16)(0.56±0.33 <i>vs</i> 0.41±0.25; <i>P</i>=0.09).<p>CONCLUSION: A high <i>R</i>-value indicating a prominent tumor is associated with tissue thinning in the adjacent retina, and marginally significantly with intra-retinal tumor cell invasion. Shape of uveal melanomas's corss section is of importance for the secondary involvement of the adjacent retina.

TP53 pathogenic variants related to cancer / Variantes patogénicas de TP53 relacionadas con cáncer

TP53 or P53 is a tumor suppressor gene known as the "genome guardian", responsible for inducing cell response to DNA damage, by stopping the cell cycle in case of mutation, activating DNA repair enzymes, initiating senescence and activation of apoptosis. Mutations in the gene sequence can cause non-synonymous mutations or errors in the reading frame by insertion, deletion or displacement of nucleotides: e.g., c.358A>G mutation in exon 4 and variants located in exons 9 and 10 of the TD domain. Therefore, in this review, we will see that changes in the reading frame, including the loss of one or two base pairs could prevent accurate transcription or changes in the structure and function of the protein, and could completely impair reparation function. These changes promote self-sufficiency in growth signaling, insensitivity to anti-growth signals, and evasion of apoptosis, resulting in limitless replication and induction of metastatic angiogenesis, generating as a consequence the proliferation of tumor, neoplastic, and lymphoid cells. Taking into account the importance of TP53 in the regulation of the cell cycle, the objective of this review is to update information related to the role of this gene in the development of cancer and the description of genetic variations.

TP53 o P53 es un gen supresor de tumores conocido como el "guardián del genoma", encargado de inducir la respuesta de la célula ante el daño del ADN, deteniendo el ciclo celular en caso de mutación, activando enzimas de reparación del ADN, iniciando el proceso de senescencia celular y activación de la apoptosis. Las mutaciones en la secuencia del gen pueden originar mutaciones no sinónimas o errores en el marco de lectura por la inserción, deleción o desplazamiento de nucleótidos: ejemplo, mutación c.358A>G en el exón 4 y variantes que se albergan en los exones 9 y 10 del dominio TD. Por lo tanto en esta revisión examinaremos cambios en el marco de lectura, incluyendo la pérdida de una o dos pares de bases, que podrían impedir la exacta transcripción o cambiar la estructura y función de la proteína o perjudicar completamente la función de reparación. Tales cambios promueven la auto-suficiencia en la señal de crecimiento, la insensibilidad a señales anticrecimiento y la evasión de la apoptosis, lo que resulta en la replicación ilimitada y la inducción de angiogénesis metastásica, generando como consecuencia la proliferación de células tumorales, neoplásicas y linfoides. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia del TP53 en la regulación del ciclo celular, el objetivo de la presente revisión es actualizar la información relacionada con el papel de este gen en el desarrollo de cáncer y la descripción de las variaciones genéticas.

Revisión Bibliográfica: Terapia Ósea en Cáncer de Próstata Resistente a la Castración / Literature Review: Bone Therapy in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer

El presente trabajo es una revisión bibliográfica y actualización de los diferentes esquemas terapéuticos aprobados y en estudio, de la enfermedad con metástasis en hueso producto del cáncer de próstata avanzado con la condición de resistente a la castración. Aborda generalidades del cáncer de próstata, los mecanismos por los cuales se vuelve resistente a la castración, la aparición de metástasis óseas, la terapéutica enfocada en terapia antiresortiva, (bifosfonatos e inhibidor del Ligando RANK), radiofármacos, radioterapia y nuevas drogas (Cabozantinib)(au)

This is a literature review and update of the different therapeutic options approved and under study, of bone metastases due to castration resistant prostate cancer. It addresses general information of prostate cancer, the mechanisms by which it becomes resistant to castration, the appearance of bone metastases, treatment focused on antiresorptive therapy (bisphosphonates and RANK Ligand inhibitor), radiopharmaceuticals, radiotherapy and new drugs (Cabozantinib).(au)

Sialoadenite esclerosante crônica em glândula salivar menor / Chronic sclerosing sialoadenitis in small salivary gland

A sialoadenite esclerosante crônica, também conhecida como tumor de Kutner, é uma condição, que acomete, predominantemente, glândulas salivares maiores. Clinicamente, apresenta-se como um nódulo, móvel, assintomático e de consistência endurecida. Seu diagnóstico definitivo só é conseguido através da análise histopatológica onde estão presentes: intenso infiltrado inflamatório linfocítico, atrofia acinar, fibrose do parênquima glandular e graus variáveis de esclerose. Neste artigo, é relatado um caso clínico raro de sialoadenite esclerosante crônica, localizada em glândula salivar menor... (AU)

Chronic sclerosing sialoadenitis, also known as Kutner's tumor, is a condition that predominantly affects major salivary glands. Clinically it presents as a nodule, mobile, asymptomatic, and of hardened consistency. Its definitive diagnosis is only achieved through the histopathological analysis where they are present: intense lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate, acinar atrophy, fibrosis of the glandular parenchyma and variable degrees of sclerosis. In this article we report a rare clinical case of chronic sclerosing sialoadenitis located in the minor salivary gland... (AU)

High frequency of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in Friesian Milchschaf sheep in Uruguay / Alta frequência de carcinoma cutâneo de células escamosas em ovinos da raça Frisona Milchschaf no Uruguai

This study described five cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the pinnae, eyelids, and eyes of Friesian Milchschaf sheep from two flocks raised under extensive conditions in Uruguay. The prevalence values for both flocks were 2.12% and 2.53%, respectively. Macroscopically, single or multiple, nodular, verrucous, or plaque-like neoplasms, with occasional ulceration and bleeding, were observed in the affected areas. Histologically, well- and moderately-differentiated SCCs were diagnosed in three and two cases, respectively. The Milchschaf breed is native of Germany, and its individuals present white non-pigmented skin with the face and legs clear of fleece, thus adapted to areas with lower solar radiation. Additionally, in the German breeding systems, animals remain indoors for long periods. The increased exposure time to higher levels of solar radiation of the Uruguayan extensive production systems may be a predisposing factor for the development of SCC in this sheep breed. In Uruguay, there is more solar radiation and the production systems provide less protection against sunlight compared with the German production system. The high frequency of SCC should be considered prior to introducing European breeds with non-pigmented skin in Uruguay and other countries of the region.(AU)

Descreveram-se carcinomas de células escamosas (CCE) nas orelhas, pálpebras e olhos em cinco ovinos da raça Frisona Milchschaf em dois rebanhos de criação extensiva no Uruguai. A prevalência nos rebanhos foi de 2,12% e 2,53%. Macroscopicamente se observaram lesões focais ou multifocais, com aumento de volume, nodulares, verrucosas ou em placas, com ocasionais ulcerações e hemorragias. Apresentavam aspecto verrucoso, por vezes com superfície ulcerada e firmes ao corte. De acordo com as características histológicas da neoplasia, as lesões foram classificadas em CCEs bem diferenciados em três casos e moderadamente diferenciados em dois casos. Esta raça é nativa da Alemanha, caracterizada pela face deslanada e pele branca despigmentada. Na Alemanha, há menores níveis de radiação solar do que no Uruguai e seu sistema de produção é mais intensivo, com permanência dos animais confinados durante longos períodos. O aumento do tempo de exposição a níveis mais elevados de radiação solar pode ser um fator predisponente para o desenvolvimento de CCEs nesta raça em sistemas extensivos de produção no Uruguai. Neste País há mais radiação solar e os sistemas produtivos fornecem menos proteção contra a luz solar, em relação ao sistema de produção alemão. A alta frequência de CEE deveria ser levada em consideração para quem decide introduzir no Uruguai e outros países da região. raças europeias com a face despigmentada.(AU)

A rare retrobulbar and chiasmal meningioma in a dog / Meningioma raro retrobulbar e de quiasma óptico em cão

ABSTRACT: A 14-year-old female Dachshund was referred to a veterinary hospital with a history and signalment of head pressing, compulsive walking, and right circling. At ophthalmologic examination, a mature cataract and absence of photomotor reflex in the right eye were observed. The neurological exam revealed multifocal encephalic signs. At necropsy, a conical solid tan mass was observed involving the right optic nerve throughout its extension to the optic chiasm. Histopathological findings confirmed a retrobulbar papillary meningioma, considered rare and seldom included as differential diagnosis in patients with neurological signs.

RESUMO: Uma fêmea Dachshund de 14 anos de idade foi encaminhada para um hospital veterinário universitário com histórico e manifestação de "head pressing", andar compulsivo e em círculos para o lado direito. No exame oftalmológico foi diagnosticado catarata matura bilateral e ausência de reflexo fotomotor pupilar no olho direito. O exame neurológico revelou sinais encefálicos multifocais. Na necropsia, uma massa sólida cônica, branco-amarelada, foi observada envolvendo o nervo óptico em toda a sua extensão até o quiasma óptico. O exame histopatológico confirmou diagnóstico de meningioma papilar retrobulbar, considerado raro e pouco incluído no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes com sinais neurológicos.